Cosine sweep circuit



Patented Feb. 9, 1954 UNITED STATES PATENT GFFI-CE cosmic SWEEP cmom'r Merle A. Starr,.Belmont, Mass. Application Novenibei' 5, 1945, Serial Metastasis 4 Claims. (01. 250-27 This invention relates. to electric sweep circuits and more particularly to a. circuit for pro-- ducing a cosine. wave repeating itself every 180 to provide a unidirectional sweep.

The conventional range sweep for a radar sys-'' tem: B-scan presentation utilizes. a. linear: sawtooth sweep in push-pull supply to the vertical deflection elements of a cathode ray tube, hereinafter referred to as CRT; Witha linearsweep, the ranges on. the CRT screen are likewise linearly delineated.

The present invention. expands? the: range sweep at the. center of the CRT screenby using a push-pull cosine sweep- The cosine sweep is. telescoped at the start because it starts out with zerofslope, expands at the: center portion of the wave whichis essentially linear, and is telescoped at the end of the sweep where: the slope of the cosine wave decreases to zero at the bottom of its negative: excursion.

Ari object of thisin'vention is. to provide a: circui-t for generating a sweep voltage having a cosine wave form repeating itself every 180 and thus sweeping unidirectionally.

Another object is to provide a method of expanding the central portion of a radar range sweep presented. on a CRT.

Another object is to provide a B-scan radar indicatingapparatus whose ran'gepresentatio'n is expanded at the center or theiscr'een.

These and other objects and. features of this invention will becomeapparent upon consideration. of'the following detailed description" when taken together with the accompanying drawings, the. figures of which illustrate a typical embodiment of the. invention.

Fig. I is a. simplified circuit for producing a cosine sweep and applying it. to the vertical deflection element ofa CRT;

Fig. 2 illustrates the wave forms at various stages of the circuit in Fig. 1 in their proper phase relationships.

In Fig. 1, sine wave input I and cosine input 2 are of the same frequency. Sine input I is applied to the primary winding of transformer 3 whose secondary winding is center-tapped to ground at l0. Sinusoidal voltages 4 and 5, 180 out of phase, are applied from the ends of the secondary winding of transformer 3 to squarer circuits 6 and 1. Periodic square waves 8 and 9 result and are likewise 180 out of phase, but wave 8 is in phase with wave l. Electronic switch II is closed by the positive gate of wave 8 and electronic switch I2 is closed by the positive gate of wave 9 so that the switches H and I2 alternate in operation.

2. The cosine input 2 is applied to the primary winding of transformer l4 whose secondaryis center-tappedto asource of positive potential at. 1:5. A potentiometer i3 isconnected across the secondary of transformer Hi. and is likewise center-tapped to Hi. Cos-inusoidal voltages l6 and I? appear out of phase atthe ends of the secondary of transformer M and potentiom eter' I3; and are-applied through resistors 18- and- 24 respectively to the control grids of electron tubes [9 and 20. The amplitudesof voltages l6 and IT are: controlled by the sliderarms of potentiometer t3. The positive potential: at it also biases the controlgrids of tubes 19 and 2B. The. cathodes-oft-ub'es I9 and 20-.are tied together through resistor 2| which is. tapped to ground through outputresistor 22. Platevoltage is supplied to tubes t9 and 20 at point 23. 7

When switch H closes. it grounds the control grid of I 9 and: cuts the tube oii because of the positiveca'thode potential appearing across resistor 22 by reason of current conduction of tube 20; When switch H opens allowing. tube It to conduct, switch l-2-,closesand grounds the con: trol' grid of tube 20cutting the tube off. Thus each tube conducts for one half cycle. Since the output to the: vertical deflection coil of the CRT is taken across resistor 22 in the cathode circuitof tubes Is and. 20,- the output is'arepl ica ofthe-wave form applied tothegridsof l9 and 20 during; the time each tube conducts- Referring. to the Waveforms in Fig. 2. as well as: the circuit; oi'Fig. 1, it will. be readily apparent. how the circuit. produces a cosine wave 25 repeating. itself: every half cycle of the input wave. 2*. Cosine wave this in; phase with cosine input. 2. andgoes from a positive-peak to anegat-ive peak during; the first halt cycleirom. 0-" to. 180. Square wave 9 is in its negative pulse from 0 to 180 so that electronic switch 52 is open and is out of the grid circuit of tube 20. During this time tube 20 conducts and reproduces in the cathode output across resistor 22 the input wave form it applied to its grid, as shown in wave form 25a. From 180 to 360, square wave 9 is in its positive pulse, electronic switch i2 is closed, grounding the grid of tube 20 and eliminating signals therefrom. Now square wave 8 is in its negative pulse from 180 to 360, opening electronic switch ii so that the grid of tube 19 is ungrounded and it conducts, reproducing in its cathode circuit the signal on its grid from 180 to 360. Cosine wave I! is 180 out of phase with wave It so that from 180 to 360 it goes from a positive peak to a negative peak and since this appears on the grid of tube l9 during the time it is conducting, the output wave form 25b across the cathode resistor 22 from 180 to 360 is the same as appeared as 25a from to 180 when tube was conducting. Thus the circuit produces a cosine wave sweeping from a positive peak to a negative peak during each half cycle of the cosine input wave 2.

By exchanging the inputs of square waves 8 and 9 to switches I I and I2, the output waves across resistor 22 could be made to sweep from negative peak to positive peak during each half cycle as shown in wave form 26. By applying Wave 25 to one vertical deflection element and wave 26 to the other, there is provided a pushpull range sweep for the CRT beam.

Since the sweep cycle is repeated every half cycle of the input frequencies of l and 2, it follows that the frequency of I and 2 is half the pulse repetition frequency of the radar transmitter.

Although there is shown and described only a certain specific embodiment of this cosine sweep circuit, the many modifications possible thereof will be readily apparent to those familiar with the art. Therefore this invention is not to be limited except insofar as is recessitated by the prior art and the spirit of the appended claims.

What is claimed is:

1. An electric circuit for selecting and reproducing repetitively a desired portion of an input periodic wave, comprising, a source of a periodic electric wave, means for resolving said wave into a plurality of waves diifering in phase, a plurality of electron tubes, each having at least a control grid and common cathode output circuit, means for applying each of said phased waves respectively to the control grid of one of said tubes, means for deriving two oppositely phased periodic square waves from said source, and a plurality of electronic switches alternately opened and closed by said square waves, each of said switches acting to apply a bias potential to one of said control grids in predetermined sequence for a, predetermined time duration for each of said tubes to conduct for the time duration of said desired portion of said input wave.

2. A circuit for producing a unidirectional nonlinear sweep voltage comprising, a source of cosine waves, a pair of electron tubes having at least control grids, anodes, and cathodes and biased to be conducting, means for applying oppositely phased cosine waves from said source to said control grids, and a pair of electron switches connected to ground each of said control grids alternately for each of said tubes to be non-conducting during alternate half cycles of said cosine 4 wave whereby the output of said circuit reproduces successive half-cycle cosine waves.

3. A circuit for producing a non-linear sweep voltage having compressed ends and an expanded center portion comprising, a source of pe iodic a1- ternating waves having the desired amplitude time characteristic, a pair of electron tubes each having a control grid and a common cathod output circuit, means for applying oppositely phased waves from said source to said control grids, means for generating two oppositely phased periodic square waves at the same frequency as said source, and two electronic switches alternately opened and closed in response to said square waves, said switches being connected to ground alternately said grids of each of said tubes respectively for alternate half cycles of said a1- ternating wave source. n

4. An electric sweep circuit providing a cosine wave form repeating itself every 180 and thus sweeping unidirectionally comprising, a source of cosinusoidal electric waves, means for deriving two oppositely phased cosinusoidal waves from said source, two electron tubes having control grids and a common cathode output circuit and biased to be nonconducting, means for applying said oppositely phased cosinusoidal waves to said grids respectively, means biasing each of said tubes to be conducting for 180 of the wave form of said source successively wherein said means for biasing each of said tubes to be conducting includes a source of sinusoidal electric waves, means for squaring said sinusoidal waves and deriving two oppositely phased periodic square waves, and two electronic switches alternately opened and closed each by said square waves, said switches alternately grounding said grids of each of said tubes respectively to bias each of said tubes to be nonconducting for 180 successively so that the output Wave form in said cathode output circuit is a replica of 180 of said cosinusoidal waves which repeats itself every 180.

MERLE A. STARR.

References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS Number Name Date 1,928,093 Coyle Sept. 26, 1933 2,078,644 Swedlund Apr. 27, 1937 2,174,386 King Sept. 26, 1939 2,226,459 Bingley Dec. 24, 1940 2,324,314 Michel July 13, 1943 2,399,586 Toomim Apr. 30, 1946 2,400,599 Reeves May 21, 1946 2,412,291 Schade Dec. 10, 1946 2,498,900 Schoenfeld Feb, 28, 1950 2,580,673 Graham Jan. 1, 1952 

